LITERARY THEORIES
1.	Psychoanalysis	2.	Postcolonialism
3.	Feminism	4.	Eco-Criticism
5.	Structuralism	6.	Poststructuralism
7.	Modernism	8.	Postmodernism
9.	New Criticism	10.	New Historicism
11.	Formalism	12.	Cultural Materialism
13.	Marxism	14.

One of the most important devices with which the formalists dealt was the device of _______ (ostranenie)

A. Defamiliarization
B. Personification
C. Antithesis
D. Irony

B. Personification

_____ is a feature that distinguishes literature from other human creations and is made of certain artistic techniques or devices (primary), employed in literary works.

A. Language
B. Literary devices
C. Literariness
D. Literariness and Language

B. Literary devices

According to formalism, the background of literature and other extra-literary phenomena do not belong to ____ scholarships

A. Literary
B. Language
C. Art
D. None of above

A. Literary

Yet despite its early indigenous beginnings, formalism in Poland had to wait until the mid-1930s to take concrete shape as the Polish____ School

A. Formalist
B. Structuralist
C. Feminist
D. Historians

C. Feminist

Formalism addressed the____of literature and established the basis for the origins and development of structuralism in literary studies.

A. Language
B. Literature
C. Linguistics
D. Genres

A. Language

At the same time, formalism stressed the need to view _____ as an autonomous verbal art, one that is oriented toward itself.

A. Literature
B. Linguistics
C. Both
D. None of above

A. Literature

It proclaimed the unity of form and ____ by emphasizing that in a literary work the former cannot properly be understood when separated from the latter and vice versa.

A. Content
B. Co-text
C. Text
D. All of above

A. Content

Formalism in literary studies was not merely about formal elements of literature, though it stressed the importance of studying _____

A. Form
B. Style
C. Narration
D. None of above

A. Form

Formalism was important in the Soviet Union until ____

A. 1925
B. 1933
C. 1924
D. 1929

A. 1925

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